Coping/Complications

 Short-Term

 Long-Term

Ketones are the acids or toxins produced when blood glucose rises in the absence of insulin. Large amounts of ketones in the blood can cause a life-threatening problem called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Call your doctor if your ketones are moderate and your blood glucose is over 240 mg/dL. Ketoacidosis occurs most often in Type 1 diabetes. It is rarely a problem for people with Type 2 diabetes, as they still produce some insulin.

If You Have DKA Symptoms

• DKA is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.
  
• Call your doctor with your blood glucose and urine ketone test results.
  
• Continue taking your insulin. More insulin may be prescribed.

• High blood glucose levels (>240 mg/dL).
  
• Ketones in urine.
  
• Increased thirst and urination.
  
• Nausea, vomiting, and/or stomach pain.
  
• Changes in or difficulty breathing.
  
• Acid or fruity smell on breath
  
• Flushing
  
• Dehydration
  
• Passing out
  
• Fatigue

How to Prevent DKA

• Always take your insulin, even when you cannot eat.
  
• Check your blood glucose at least once daily, preferably more than once. Record test times and glucose levels.
  
• Check your urine ketones whenever your blood glucose is over 240 mg dL or you are feeling ill.
  
• Call your doctor when you have ketones and high blood glucose; DKA can occur rapidly, but is preventable.
  

Reprinted with permission from: InfoDek® © Copyright 2002